10 Things you Didn’t Know About North West Science and Technology

June 30th, 2009
Matthew J James asked:


North West Science and Technology has led to many cutting edge scientific breakthroughs, such as Britain’s first aeroplane, the birth of the first test tube baby, splitting the atom, and the world’s first computer. Science and Technology is continuing to develop rapidly in this region, and many global brands, ranging from medical research to military aircraft have significant research and design facilities in the North West. Over 25% of the region’s £106 billion economy comes from Science and Technology companies.

1. North West universities play a key role in Science and Technology, and have a combined turnover of over £1.2 billion, almost 1% of the region’s total economy. Leading companies, including those in the Aerospace Business, automotive supply and manufacturing companies, nuclear energy and medical research are closely linked to North West universities. More than 50,000 North West students graduate every year, including 25,000 with life science degrees. Over 69,000 science students are trained every year.

2. The Aerospace Business in the North West has a turnover of £6 billion, and is responsible for producing military and commercial aircraft and components which are used both in the UK and exported worldwide. Extensive R&D programmes ensure that the latest technologies are available to create the most advanced planes in the world. Countries all over the world rely on the North West Aerospace Business for their military and commercial aircraft requirements

3. The Chemistry Industry plays a vital role in the North West, and sales of chemicals contribute over £10 billion to the economy, equating to approximately 20% of the UK chemistry industry. Approximately 220,000 people are employed in this sector. In 2005, the Department of Trade and Industry announced that as part of the Technology Programme, one of the 19 new Knowledge Transfer Networks (KTNs) would be in Chemistry in the North West. KTNs help to share knowledge and research between businesses, academic institutions such as universities, and trade associations.

4. The North West and Cumbria in particular, is widely acknowledged as the centre of the UK Nuclear Energy industry, and is home to the Nuclear Decommissioning Authority. The research and development work done in this region has led the Government to conclude that utilising nuclear energy is part of a viable solution to meeting the energy needs of the UK.

5. There are over 50 research institutes, many of them multi-institutional, as well as traditional R&D departments. The North West is home to the Research and Development departments of several of the worlds leading companies, and business R&D investment in this region is greater than in any other part of the world except Asia. Recent reports show that 4 of the top 10 companies by R&D spending have significant facilities in the North West. Pharmaceutical development, including the largest cancer drug research centre in the UK, Aerospace Businesses, manufacturers of consumer products, as well as the Chemistry Industry and Nuclear Energy are well represented in the North West.

6. The North West’s seven science parks are home to many knowledge-based companies in diverse industries ranging from providing education to Nuclear Energy and decommissioning. Strong links to universities as well as research institutes and centres of knowledge, in the UK and abroad, help to ensure that Science and Technology in the North West is second to none.

7. Dedicated Strategic Science and Technology sites have been set up throughout the North West, and Manchester is aiming to become one of the UK’s first six Science Cities by 2015.

Manchester Science Park is internationally recognised as a centre of excellence, and is one of the most successful of its kind. Tenants include specialists in healthcare, telecoms, and digital media.

The Daresbury Science and Innovation Campus, near Warrington in Cheshire, is home to leading companies in diverse industries ranging from healthcare research to business support services. The nearby Daresbury Laboratory is one of the best-resourced science facilities in the UK.

Liverpool Science Park, right in the centre of Liverpool, is the fastest growing science park in the UK, and contains computer games, website design and software companies as well as solicitors specialising in intellectual property and technology law. Speke, also in Liverpool, is home to the National Biomanufacturing Centre, which is set to become the leading biopaharmaceutical design centre in Europe, and helps to create and develop new medicines

West Cumbria Science Park, near Whitehaven, has over 60 companies on site, ranging from ecology to engineering, many of which are involved in the Nuclear Energy Industry.

A Science Park in Lancaster is scheduled for development this year, and will be located close to the top-ten ranked university. This exciting new project will combine the renowned academic knowledge and resources of the University with local businesses know-how and the Lancaster Environment Centre.

8. With Manchester recently voted the most creative city in the UK, and Liverpool’s reputation as one of the leading cities for computer game design, the North West is at the forefront of new technologies as well as traditional Science and Technology. The use of ICT in education, website design and internet technologies, TV and film production, as well as other media industries, is all flourishing in the region, thanks to Science and Technology.

9. As well as looking to the future, the region’s scientific history is preserved through museums such as the World Museum in Liverpool, Quarry Bank Mill in Styal, Cheshire, and Wigan Pier. Visual displays as well as hands-on activities, demonstrations and different media show how Science and Technology has changed our lives, from mechanising everyday tasks to revolutionising manufacturing methods.

10. As well as the outstanding Science and Technology facilities, the North West is a popular business location thanks to its fantastic infrastructure. Within reach of 3 international airports, and a great motorway system, the North West is closer than you may think. In addition, the North West has many Areas of Natural Outstanding Beauty and the standard of living is high.

There has never been a better time to see how North West Science and Technology can help you.



Science Fiction Throughout the Ages and Into the Future

June 13th, 2009
Julian Card asked:


The evolution of science fiction movies over the last 50 years can be attributed to much more than the advances in special effects and movie-making technology (although those changes have had an effect); the biggest influence on scifi during this time period are the events that occurred in the real world. These past five decades leading up to today have been subject to an ever-accelerating onslaught of technological achievements and world-changing events.

While every movie is subject to the trends of each time period, science fiction has an intimate connection to both technology and the real world. The very definition of science fiction references the impact that current and past events have on the genre. As defined by scifi author Robert A. Heinlein, science fiction is a realistic speculation about possible future events based on the past and present knowledge of the real world. For these reasons, the cause of the evolution of science fiction movies is the real world, stated in another way: science fiction comes from reality.

During the 1960s, radical revolutions in technology and related technological achievements, such as the moon landing, had a significant impact on science fiction movies. In addition, the Cold War, JFK’s assassination, Martin Luther King, the Vietnam War, and Woodstock all influenced science fiction movies during the decade. Some of the most notable science fiction movies of the time included 2001: A Space Odyssey, Fahrenheit 451, and The Time Machine, each impacted in some way by the events that occurred during the 1960s. More specifically, the look and feel of the spacecrafts featured in 2001: A Space Odyssey were very similar to the spaceships being used during the 1960s.

Improvements in film making and the success of science fiction in the 1960s rapidly advanced the development of science fiction movies during the 1970s. Achievements in technology during the 1970s included many that changed the everyday life of many people, including the pocket calculator, car airbags, barcodes, Sony Walkman, and the home computer. Other influential technologies included the Space Shuttle, Neutron Bomb and the supersonic Concorde. A population explosion to 4.4 Billion people as of 1978 also had an impact on the genre. The hedonistic atmosphere of the decade was featured in the 1976 scifi movie Logan’s Run, while concerns about overpopulation were featured in the 1973 movie Soylent Green.

With the proliferation of computer technology in film-making, new, more advanced movies began to be produced in the 1980s. These new technology were used to produce some of the most mind-blowing special effects ever featured in science fiction movies, as seen in Predator, The Terminator, and Flight of the Navigator. Blade Runner was one of the first scifi films that featured a dystopia, rather than the all-out apocalypse seen in The Road Warrior or The Terminator future. One topic that seemed to be featured repeatedly was the concept of the evil, all-powerful corporations that rule the world and beyond. This concept can be found in Robocop, Aliens, Blade Runner, and the Terminator.

Huge technological strides and discoveries were made during the 1990s, all with the potential to significantly impact science fiction movies. Just some of the achievements included gene therapy, the World Wide Web, text messaging, global positioning, genetic modification, computer generated films, deep space photography, cloning, and the International Space Station. The disappearance of the threat of World War III with Russia had been replaced by an increasing amount of smaller conflicts. The first significant ground war since the Vietnam war, the first Gulf War, occurred, featuring some of the newest military technology ever used in battle. Computers began playing a more important role in special effects and movie production, featured in revolutionary movies like Jurassic Park and Men in Black. Natural catastrophes were a recurring theme, with disaster movies like Armageddon, Deep Impact, and Waterworld, as the now-prominent topic of global warming and saving the world started to have an influence. The Matrix was released in 1999, heralding a new age of science fiction movie making using complex plots, cinematography, and special effects.

The 2000s have been a busy decade for technological achievements related to space travel and astronomy. New solar systems and Earth-like planets have been found, countries like China have launched people into space, several robots have landed on and explored Mars, new moons have been found in our solar system, we’ve collected and retrieved comet dust, and dozens of unmanned probes have been launched throughout space by organizations around the globe. We’re seeing the advent of space tourism and the commercialization of space travel. In addition, the political climate has rapidly shifted following the events of 9/11 and we’ve had one of the most momentous presidential elections in history. With no shortage of technological achievements and world-changing events to influence science fiction movie-makers, a variety of new scifi films have been released.

Worldwide natural catastrophes were themes in Artificial Intelligence: AI, The Core, and Sunshine; genetic engineering and cloning in The 6th Day; Mars in Mission to Mars and Red Planet. There have also been numerous movies created from comic book characters, super heroes, and video games, including X-Men, Resident Evil (1, 2, and 3), Iron Man, The Hulk, and many more. New movie making technologies were used in Sky Captain and the World of Tomorrow. Donnie Darko is a modern-day cult classic featuring a mysterious antihero and Children of Men is said to be a modern-day Blade Runner.

So what does the future hold for scifi movies? What will the 2010s be all about? If the past is any indication, I believe we’ll see influential events of the next three years impact the 2010s greatly. Terrorism will be a recurring theme along with futures rife with economic hardships. A fear of people will grow as the current global recession influences crime rates, murders, war, and every other type of violent event. People’s concern for the planet, which has been prevalent during the recently slayed high-oil-price age, will be replaced by a concern for personal safety. As the jobless rate climbs and companies go out of business (events that further complicate the housing debacle), the political climate will be strained even further than it currently is. Formerly growing power-houses like China, along with every Arab nation that benefited from high oil prices, will fall back to Earth as reality sets in, disappointing every one of their citizens that caught a glimpse of the good life. In short, I think we’re on the brink of World War III, which will be created as the worst economic-stimulus package ever devised.

So, buckle-up, I’m guessing that we’ll be seeing some of the most original and mind-blowing science fiction movies ever produced!



Behavioral Sciences: One Degree, Many Job Options

June 4th, 2009
Kelli Smith asked:


What Exactly Are the Behavioral Sciences?

The behavioral sciences fall somewhere between social sciences and natural sciences, absorbing some components of each. It’s a big category, so it typically gets broken down into two smaller ones: Neural-Decision Sciences and Social-Communication Sciences.

Neural-Decision Science studies the relationship between biology and decision-making, and disciplines in that field include psychology, ethology, psychobiology, social neuroscience, and management science.

Social-Communication Science focuses on communication. Specifically it deals with how both language and communication can affect the individual, relationships, and social interaction in general. A common discipline in this field is anthropology, but other disciplines include organizational behavior and behavior finance.

What Can You Do With a Behavioral Sciences Degree?

Here are just some of the careers you can choose to pursue and, briefly, what’s involved in each:

Anthropology: Anthropologists study the physical, social, cultural development, and behavior of human beings. Within anthropology several specialties exist such as sociocultural, linguistic, or biophysical. A bachelor’s degree in the behavioral sciences can be a strong starting point to continue on to a master’s degree or PhD in anthropology.

Ethology: A zoological science, ethologists study animal behavior, specifically instinctual rather than learned behavior. Ethology, as a part of behavioral science, instead looks at instinctual behavior in humans.

FBI Behavioral Science Unit: You can work for the FBI with a degree in this field. It typically does involve criminal profiling, made popular by TV and films, but it also has several other components, including studying the behavior of criminals in general and even working to better the operational effectiveness of the FBI itself.

Psychology: Since psychologists study human behavior, it makes sense that this field fits neatly within the behavioral sciences category. To become a practicing psychologist, you almost always need to have a Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) or PhD. All states traditionally require psychologists who see patients to have a license or certification.

Sociology: Sociologists look at society and social behavior. Sociology examines groups and organizations, different cultures, and social institutions. A master’s degree or PhD. in sociology is usually necessary, but majoring in behavioral sciences at a university can provide a solid educational beginning.

Interestingly, significant job growth has occurred in surprising areas that either didn’t previously exist or weren’t traditionally linked with the behavioral sciences:

Neuromarketing: This new field uses neuroscience to study consumer behavior, but it’s extremely small in the private sector at this time.

Public-Opinion Research: Behavioral science can better explain influences on public opinion and how it forms.

Health Education/Public Health: Behavioral science comes into play here in helping people make healthier choices for themselves. This can often involve community-wide education initiatives on topics as diverse disease prevention, nutrition, drugs and alcohol abuse, or even the quality of life for senior citizens.

Job Prospects and Salaries for Behavioral Scientists

Salaries vary throughout behavior sciences, however in 2007 these occupations earned the following annual median salaries:

• Sociologists: $61,140

• Anthropologists: $53,080

• Clinical Psychologists: $62,210

• Health Educator: $42,920

With so many career options, you should have plenty of job prospects with a behavioral science degree.



Quran and Science of Meterology

May 19th, 2009
shaukat awan asked:


SCIENCE OF METEOROLOGY

Quran Treats the phenonomenon of Rain and Hail

By

Allama Muhammad Yousuf Gabriel

www.oqasa.org

shaukatawan@rocketmail.com

The Quran has claimed not once but twice in most explicit terms to contain all knowledge that concerned humanity. And has challenged the world to bring a chapter like it, when I was asked that Quran was not the book of science, it was only the book of religion. How therefore, the treatment of the subjects like atomic science, the atomic bombs and atomic radiations could be expected in a book of religion. My answer to this was and is that the Quran is a book of a religion indeed, but it is the book of a religion that is perfect and complete and may be expected to provide answer to every question that was concerned with the humanity. If the destruction of the habitations of Sodom and Gomorrah received a mention in it, while these habitations were no larger than a negligible part of a modern city, how then the mention of a destroyer which would not leave so much as a blade of grass unburnt from one end of the world to the other, could be ignored without damaging the claim to universality. The Quran must be expected to give an answer to the question of atomic annihilation of the world. Again it may be asked whether the Quran contains the outcome of the research of modern science of meteorology. The answer to this question is yes it does. Quran shows this in one sign (Ayat) of about forty words. Read the following from the Quran regarding the phenomenon of rain and hail:-

” Hast thou not seen that Allah gently driveth forward the clouds and gathereth them together, and then layeth them in heaps? Thou also seeth the rain which falleth from the midst thereof, and Allah sendeth down from heaven, from mountains wherein there is hail, He striketh therewith whom he pleaseth, and turneth the same from whom He pleaseth, the brightness of His lightening wanteth but little of taking away the sight”.

( Quran XXIV - 43 )

” Have you not seen that God drives the clouds, then joins them together and puts them fold on fold. Then you see the rain fall through them; and He sends down hail from the sky where there are mountains of it, and strikes those with it whom. He will, and wards it off from whomsoever He pleaseth. His lightning could snatch away their eyes”.

(Quran - An-Nur-43 The Light)

You have read it now, or you have heard it. And if you pen to be a meteorologist, how much of the science of modern meteorology you have discerned in it, so that after we have explained it, you might compare. To most of the readers of the Quran it is merely a matter of common observation which has been mentioned by the Quran ; whether in the translation or in the original Arabic text of the Quran. Let this be remembered, however, that the mysteries are revealed only in the original Arabic text and never in the translations. It is the Arabic text of the Quran that reveals the essence of the modern science of meteorology about the phenomenon of rain and hail. Read the Quran -An Noor-43 )

In the first sight there appears to be no scientific facts of the modern research, but by the grace of Al-mighty Allah there are scientific facts to be revealed to those possessed of knowledge, and sincere in their faith in the Quran. The original Arabic text of the Quran has miracles to reveal. Most complex, intricate and perplexing facts of science and philosophy may be found in the words and mysteries discovered. To a knowledgeable reader the world of the Quran appears like kaleidoscopic world. The words changing their forms and clows and assuming new forms and colours, astonishing and perplexing the poor human intellect. During my forty-year long research in the Quran more than once I went to sleep with satisfaction that I had exhausted the meanings of a certain sign. But next morning to my surprise I saw the same sign blossoming with fresh flowers that had exchanging colours and delightful fragrance.

Let it be remembered that the modern science of meteorology is of recent origin, while the Quran was revealed fourteen centuries ago. If therefore the discoveries of the mo dern meteorology are found in the Quran, there remains no doubt about the divine original of the Quran, and the Quran deserves to assume a unique place among the divine scriptures.

We will now interpret the sign (Ayat) of the Quran in the light of all the latest discoveries of science in the field of meteorology. It is generally observed by the Non-Muslims, that whenever a discovery of science appears, the Muslims prop up the Quran saying, Lo! here is it written in the Quran, why the Muslims cannot find these facts from the Quran before the discovery is declared by science. The answer to this objection is, that firstly the Quran is not the text book of science to teach the people the technique of producing the things that are produced by the science, rather the Quran observes and regulates the entire life of humanity, every aspect of it. Therefore the Quran has its own style of treating the subject of pure science. Secondly, the Quran would not like the appearance of certain things or their wrong use in order to keep the humanity safe from the noxious effects thereof. Therefore the Quran treats such subjects of science in its peculiar manner. For instance the Quran has treated the atomic science, the entire essence of the subject, but has not taught to build the atomic bombs. Thirdly, if the Quran had explained the inventions of science as we see them today and had used the terms as we hear them today, it is not difficult to imagine that the hearers of that time, would have stampeded away thrusting their fingers in their ears, yelling, ” How impossible, how nonsensical, away, away to your rational creed, the creed of our fathers”. The fate of Islam was thus no hidden secret. And it was a miracle of the Quran, to say a thing comprehensible and appealing to its first hearers, and conceal within the same language that could answer all that was to come in time in any form, scientific, philosophic, economical, social. Yet let it be understood that the corroboration of the Quran and science is a topic fraught with imminent dangers. Science changes while the Quran is constant. Once said, for-ever said. The corroborator therefore must have thorough knowledge of science, to discern the established facts from more theories and hypotheses, and should at the same time have the thorough knowledge of the Quran to its real mind. Otherwise there is a great possibility of wrecking the reputation of the Quran, and making this word of God about of ridicule, unrecking at the same time the doom of the corroborator himself. I have seen many a corroborator that blundered in this field and fell from the cliffs to the vale of ignominy. God save us from such a doom. I myself am a corroborator, but I weigh a thing a hundred times and pass many a sleepless nights before I find courage to pen a single fact or to bring it on record. Yet I pray to Allah, the Merciful to guide me aright in this hazardous field and let me have no personal or other consideration, and forgive any slip of fall. I am obliged to take to this field for no other reason than that it has become the inevitable necessity of these days. Otherwise the early authentic commentators of the Quran have left no point unambiguous.

Now let us revert to our topic in the name of Allah the Benign, the Merciful. Allah says:-

“(Alam Tara). Has thou not seen?” This question was first posed to the Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H) and his contemporary Arabs. Now it could be posed to the meteorologist. This is the marvellous feature of the All-time and eternal Quran.

Then :-

“(Annallaha Yuzji). That is God drives”. It is to contradict the view of those who think that the laws of nature work on their own, or that the whole affair of creation is accidental only. Here the God asserts his complete control of the Phenomenon.

Then (Yuzji Sahaban). (Sahab) means a cloud, but the derivatives formed on its root (sahaba) give the meanings as, to drive along, to drag along, to withdraw, to recall, to retract etc. The modern meteorological science on this point says, ” Previous to a thunderstorm, the clouds are in great commotion. Great masses being torn asunder, others uniting together. These clouds being electrified, some more some less strongly, act inductively on one another, and if a piece happens to be torn away with more than its fair share of electricity that has been induced into it, it may soar away intensely electrified, several such pieces may unite to form a big cloud”.

Then The Quran says:-

” (Thumma Yuallifu Bainahu). That is thereafter affects between the different parts of the cloud a harmony and achieves affinity between them. Generally it is translated as ” and gathereth them together”. In order to know what sort of harmony and affinity is affected and achieved between the various parts of the cloud, let us read the following from the science of meteorology.

” To achieve the coalescence of the minute spherules of water into fallable rain drops, a proper electrical affinity, between a particle and a particle within the cloud and further, within the cloud and the earth has to be achieved. In the presence of a strong positive charge in the cloud the SPHERULES WOULD TEND TOWARDS SEPARATION, EXCLUDING ANY POSSIBILITY OF THEIR COALESCENCE. A charge of milder sort in the vicinity has been found to be helpful for the desired coalescence for the spherules into rain drops. The necessity of the ELECTRIC POTENTIAL and hence the electricity itself, having thus been established a slight ACIDIFICATION of the cloud water is to be UNDERSTOOD as a means to impart conductivity to the water, which in a state of its purity is a bad conductor of electricity”.

Let the great masters of Chemistry read these chemical processes explained by the Quran.

Then the Quran says:-

” (Thumma Yajaluhu rukaaman)”. That is then “layeth them in heaps”. Let us read what the modern meteorological science says about the heaping up of the cloud. It says:-

” When the vapour in the air is condensed not through contact with cold bodies, but through the cooling of a mass of vapour -ladden air, then a cloud is formed. A cloud consists of fine drops of water. if it be near the ground it is called mist or fog. It would at the outset seem impossible to classify or account for the myriads of forms of the cloud, but when we come to observe and watch them closely, two main types of cloud-forms assert themselves. Those which appear in fillowy well-defined shapes, and those which spread over the heavens in a layer thick or thin, partial or complete. The former of these is called CUMULUS, a Latin word meaning HEAP, the latter STRATUS, a Latin word meaning A LAYER. These names are due to LUKE HORWARD (1802) and have been used by all cloud observers since his time. The meteorological science is of recent origin. It developed within the centuries of this modern age. Luke Horward (1802) first used the Terms CUMULUS and STRATUS”.

The Quran has anticipated him by centuries. The word Rukaaman which the Quran has used means exactly the CUMULUS. So far as the Term STRATUS is concerned, the Quran has used it in another sign (verse) about the very same topic. The sign is as follows:

That is : ” Allah is He who sendeth the wind so that they raise clouds, and spreadeth them along the sky as pleaseth Him. And forms them in layers, and thou seest the rain downpouring from within them”.

( Quran *** - 48 )

” It is God who sends the breezes that raise clouds, then spreads them over the sky as He please, fold on fold, then you see the drops of rain issue from between them. When He sends it down to those of His creatures as He will, they are filled with joy”.

(Quran The Romans, 48)

The actual word is (Kisafan) which means to lay in layers, to stratify, to lay layer upon layer. It is exactly the term STRATUS, the term of Luke Horward. Though generally it is translated as, “causeth them to break”. It is surprising to note, that the Quran anticipated Luke Horward (1802) by centuries. The words of the Quran thus are not only scientific but also prophetic.

Then the Quran says:-

(Fataral Wadaqa Yakhruju min khilaalihi). That is : Thou seest the rain which falleth from the midst thereof. Actual word is (Min Khilaalihi), that is the rain is pouring from the (khilal) of the cloud. The meaning of this word is pin, skewer, spit. The root of this word is (khallala) which means to acetify. “Khal” means vinegar. Now the necessity of the acidification of the cloud water we have already narrated in the previous pages. A charge of milder sort is essential to achieve the coalescence of the spherules. The charge necessitates electricity. But pure water is a bad conductor of electricity. It is necessary therefore to acetify the water to endue water with the quality of conductivity. Thus the role of the word (khilal ) in the phenomenon becomes clear, to mean that no (khilal) meant no rain, and therefore no life on earth.

The Quran further says:-

(wa yunazzilu min assamaae min jibaalin fiha min bardin). That is:- ” And Allah sendeth down from heaven, from mountains wherein there is hail”. First imagine a cloud like a mountain of hail. How beautiful is the mountain of white pearls and how exact but novel is the simile. But the point which attracts our attention is hidden in the word (jibaal) which means mountains. The root of this word is (jabala) which means to kneed. Perhaps the most astonishing discovery of the modern meteorological science is that no mist nor fog could be formed, unless there were present in the vapour-laden air particles of dust or sand to act as the nucleus for the spherules of water that constitute the fog. This has been proved, since air filtered through cotton wool, has no tendency towards fog formation. The hail pellets likewise have been found to have been built around a spec of dust acting as their Nucleus, a process in distinction from that of the formation of snow. Now let us see the word (jibaal) that is mountains used by the Quran. The word Jibaal has been derived from the root-verb (jabala) which means to kneed. Then imagine a cloud of rain or of hail, wherein every spherule has a spec of dust or sand though invisible to ***** eye. Certainly the cloud appears like a mountain made of dust particles kneeded with water. Remarkable also is the role of mountains in the formation of rain.

Now in the end it may be asked that the Quran in this phenomenon has made no mention of the great role played by the air. It is the air that carries the moisture, and it is the air that wafts the clouds. without the air no rain would have been possible. The question takes our thought to another sign (Ayat) of the Quran which is identical with the sign which we are discussing, and has mentioned the role of air. In the previous pages we have alluded to sing just read:-

(Quran-Alarum -48)

(Allah-u-lazi yursilu-arriaha fatuseeru sahaban). That is, ” He is Allah who sendeth the winds, so that they raise clouds”.

( Quran XXX-48 )

The Quran’s challenge, “Bring ye a chapter like unto it” stands good for every age, including this age of science. The knowledge of science shown by the Qruan is such that no scientist will ever think of being an equal to or like the Quran, the amazing word of Allah, the God of the worlds.



Social Science Dictionary

May 12th, 2009
onlinedictionaries asked:


The social science dictionary has an approach to concentrate on a wider discipline of Education, History, Politics and all the studies related to social science. The dictionary’s glossary will enable the search criteria easier to find the exact information that a person is looking for. It has the definitions of basic concepts and branches through the divisions in social science. The branches again take you to the related definitions and keywords used in the social science.

The social science is a concept which is wider than the concept of sociology. The dictionary on social science includes the meaning of all the disciplines that come under this field. So, at a single glance this is useful dictionary for various people in the various categories under one topic, Social science. The terms that date from the older centuries and those that are used in common nowadays are included in the social dictionary.

Economy, History, Politics, Education, Psychology and Sociology is all what is covered in this dictionary. The analysis made on the terms and definition in this social science dictionary is the work of the experts, their knowledge on things and their experience. This dictionary makes the job of the users who rely upon it. It just has it source from various renowned and authorized sites with useful and appropriate information. All you need to do is to explore the concepts, look up for the terms that you came into search for, the phrases and terminologies that you like to learn and get ideas about them in this social science dictionary.

The economics and the political science are the most common sites where people come in search of key words and definitions. The economics has further more splits like BEA economy, environmental economy and so on. The political science has the terms that are used in National and international level pf politics and those used in the Parliament generally. People preparing themselves for civic exams can very well refer this dictionary and get the at most benefit of this. It has all the concepts starting from secretarial level to chief administrators in the government. The terms and designation given to people in various level of the cabinet can also be learnt in this dictionary.

The education section in social science dictionary covers the details on the latest technology available in today’s learning world. In all these criteria and divisions of the dictionary are glossaries which help the searching very easy and creates a comfort level to navigate through the desired pages of search. So, the online dictionary on social science is more useful to provide variety of learning terminologies which again is a reference catalog for various age groups starting from kids to students in higher classes and to those who are in verge of jumping into the field of politics. With all these essential stuffs available on Social science, make the best use of the dictionary and learn the various lines of social science. Happy learning!